Pulmonology

Persistent cough lasting more than two weeks, progressive shortness of breath, ongoing or bloody sputum, recurrent chest infections or an abnormal chest X‑ray are reasons to see a pulmonologist. Your primary care physician can provide initial assessment and refer when needed.

Sudden, severe worsening of breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, fainting or bluish lips or fingers require immediate emergency evaluation. In those situations go to the nearest emergency department or call emergency services.

Spirometry measures lung volumes and airflow during breathing and is a simple, non‑invasive test. It is commonly used when asthma or COPD is suspected or to monitor lung function over time. A specialist interprets the results in context.

Upper respiratory infections often begin with runny nose, sneezing and sore throat and are usually mild. Lower respiratory infections are more likely when there is fever, productive cough, shortness of breath or chest pain. If symptoms are severe or persist longer than expected, seek medical evaluation.