Eye pain can arise from different mechanisms. This page offers general information and specialty direction only; it does not provide diagnosis, treatment, or medication advice. If you have severe or sudden symptoms, seek emergency care.
Pain around or in the eye can have many origins. Frequent causes include dry eye and surface irritation, conjunctivitis and other eye infections, corneal abrasion or keratitis, styes and eyelid inflammation, acute angle‑closure glaucoma with raised intraocular pressure, sinusitis-related facial and ocular pain, migraine and other headache disorders, orbital or periorbital inflammatory conditions, trauma, and foreign bodies.
Which additional signs occur helps point to the cause. Sudden vision loss or marked vision change, severe worsening pain, intense light sensitivity, significant swelling or bleeding around the eye, trouble moving the eye, fever, or symptoms after head trauma are red flags. Any of these warrant prompt emergency assessment.
For initial assessment you can contact your family physician or an emergency department. Ophthalmology (Eye Diseases) is the specialty for most direct eye problems. Infectious Diseases may be involved for certain infections; Dermatology can assist with eyelid or skin lesions. ENT (otolaryngology) is relevant for suspected sinus origin, and Neurology may be consulted for headache-related or neuro‑ophthalmic presentations.
An exam usually begins with medical history and visual acuity testing, followed by inspection of the eyelids and ocular surface. A slit‑lamp exam inspects the cornea and anterior segment; pupil reactions and eye movements are checked. Tonometry measures intraocular pressure when glaucoma is suspected. Fluorescein dye highlights corneal abrasions; cultures or PCR may be taken if infection is suspected. Imaging (CT or MRI) can be considered for orbital, sinus, or neurological concerns.
Note when the pain started, any accompanying symptoms (vision change, discharge, fever), history of trauma, contact lens use, and prior eye conditions or surgeries. Bringing this information to your visit helps clinicians focus the assessment and provide appropriate referrals.
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