Ophthalmology covers disorders of the eye and visual system. This page summarizes typical symptoms, the usual examination steps, prevention tips, and when urgent evaluation is recommended.
The specialty assesses refractive errors, cataract, glaucoma, retinal diseases (including diabetic retinopathy and macular problems), ocular infections, dry eye, allergic eye disease, and eyelid disorders. Care ranges from vision testing and medical management to retinal imaging and surgical evaluation.
Blurry vision, sudden vision loss, double vision, eye pain, persistent redness, light sensitivity, sudden flashes or new floaters are all important. If vision changes are sudden or severe, or following eye trauma, seek urgent assessment through emergency services or an eye clinic.
A diagnosis usually begins with medical history and visual acuity testing, then intraocular pressure measurement and slit-lamp examination. The retina is checked with ophthalmoscopy; additional tests—OCT, visual field testing, fluorescein angiography or ultrasound—are used as needed to clarify findings and plan care.
Maintain regular eye exams, use appropriate lighting and take breaks when using screens, wear UV-protective sunglasses, and follow lens hygiene if you use contact lenses. Control systemic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, as they affect eye health.
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