Ear, nose and throat (ENT) covers problems of the ears, nasal passages, sinuses, throat and neck. Below you’ll find practical information on frequent symptoms, common approaches to evaluation, signs to watch for in children, and general guidance on urgent situations. This content is for orientation only—see an ENT specialist for diagnosis and management.
People visit ENT clinics for ear pain, reduced hearing, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nasal blockage, persistent or recurrent nasal discharge, nosebleeds, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and dizziness. These complaints can result from infections, allergies, structural issues, or other causes. If symptoms persist, recur, or are accompanied by other worrying signs, an ENT specialist can recommend further assessment.
An ENT exam usually begins with a focused physical assessment: otoscopy to inspect the ear, nasal endoscopy or rinoscopy to view the nasal passages and sinuses, and laryngoscopy to examine the voice box. Hearing tests such as pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry are commonly used; imaging (CT, MRI or ultrasound) may be advised depending on the clinical picture. The specialist decides which tests are appropriate based on symptom type and duration.
Children commonly experience ear infections, hearing issues, recurrent tonsillitis, and snoring or obstructive breathing during sleep. Delays in speech, lack of response to sounds, turning up the television volume, or falling behind at school can signal hearing difficulties. Pediatric assessment and hearing screening are important for monitoring development and guiding timely referral.
Seek immediate medical attention or go to emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening signs such as significant breathing difficulty, marked swelling of the mouth or neck, inability to swallow or speak, severe facial or neck swelling, heavy bleeding, sudden and severe hearing loss, facial weakness, or very severe dizziness. These situations may require urgent evaluation and treatment.
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