What symptoms fall under infectious diseases?

High or prolonged fever, recurrent infections, skin and wound infections, respiratory or gastrointestinal infections and systemic signs are typical reasons to consult infectious diseases specialists.

What laboratory tests are commonly used?

Blood, urine, sputum and wound cultures, molecular tests such as PCR, and serology are commonly used. The clinician decides which tests are appropriate based on the presentation.

What is antimicrobial resistance and why is it a problem?

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms become less responsive to medications. It complicates treatment and increases public health risks; appropriate prescribing and stewardship are key to limiting resistance.

When should I seek emergency care?

Seek emergency care for difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, very high fever, severe pain or rapid worsening of symptoms.

Health guide

Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology

Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology focuses on diagnosing and managing infections caused by microorganisms, tracking outbreaks and preventing transmission. This page summarizes common topics drawn from 139 frequently asked questions, explains key diagnostic methods, outlines prevention and vaccination roles, and provides an overview of antimicrobial resistance. For severe or rapidly worsening symptoms, seek emergency care without delay.

When to consult an infectious diseases specialist

You may be referred for specialist evaluation with persistent or very high fever, recurrent or severe infections, rapidly spreading skin infections or wound problems, signs of bloodstream infection or meningitis, unexplained severe abdominal symptoms, or worsening respiratory symptoms. People with weakened immune systems, recent surgery, indwelling devices (for example catheters) or recent hospital stays should be assessed sooner. If you develop difficulty breathing, confusion, severe pain or sudden deterioration, go to the nearest emergency department.

Diagnosis: laboratory testing and clinical assessment

Clinical assessment is combined with laboratory support from clinical microbiology. Common tests include blood, urine, sputum or wound cultures, PCR and other molecular assays, and serology to detect antibodies. Imaging (X‑ray, CT, ultrasound) can help locate an infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing shows which agents are likely effective. Which tests are needed depends on symptoms and physician judgment; results are interpreted together with the clinical picture.

Transmission, prevention and vaccination

Infections spread via direct contact, droplets, airborne particles, contaminated food or water and vectors. Basic measures—hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, safe food handling and appropriate wound care—substantially reduce risk. Vaccination protects against many infections and follows national schedules and risk‑based recommendations. In healthcare settings, isolation practices, hand hygiene and sterilization reduce transmission.

Antimicrobial resistance and appropriate use

Inappropriate or unnecessary use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials accelerates resistance, making infections harder to treat. Proper diagnosis and physician‑directed therapy help limit misuse. Avoid taking or sharing prescription antimicrobials without medical guidance. Healthcare facilities use antimicrobial stewardship programs to optimize treatment choices and reduce resistance spread.

Questions

Total 156 Question

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When do HPV symptoms appear and how can they be diagnosed?

last monthProfile information not shared

Hello, when do HPV symptoms appear? How can I tell if I have HPV?

Concerns about potential exposure after rabies vaccination.

last monthProfile information not shared

I received my full dose of rabies vaccine 4 months ago, and my two booster doses finished a week ago. While sitting outside, I put a piece of straw in my mouth and I'm starting to wonder if any animal might have licked it. Would that cause any problems?

Risk of infection after unprotected anal intercourse.

2 months agoProfile information not shared

I was the active partner in unprotected anal intercourse that lasted less than a minute, and my partner said he did not have a disease.

Frequently asked questions

What the specialist does

Infectious diseases and clinical microbiology specialists diagnose infections, order and interpret laboratory tests, advise on transmission prevention and vaccination, and support antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

Uzm. Dr. Kazım Karagöz

Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Specialist

Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları

HG Hastanesi

Onikişubat

Kahramanmaraş

View Details

Make an Appointment

Uzm. Dr. Moumperra CHRALOGLOU

Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Specialist

Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji

Biruni Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi

Küçükçekmece

İstanbul

View Details

Make an Appointment

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Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology

When to consult an infectious diseases specialist

Diagnosis: laboratory testing and clinical assessment

Transmission, prevention and vaccination

Antimicrobial resistance and appropriate use

Most Asked Diseases

Most Asked Symptoms

Questions

When do HPV symptoms appear and how can they be diagnosed?

Concerns about potential exposure after rabies vaccination.

Risk of infection after unprotected anal intercourse.

Nidazol antibiyotik sonrası 24 saat sonra alkol içmek yan etki yapar mı?

HIV tarama sonucu reaktif çıktı; CD4 .065 sonucu ne anlama gelir?

Şüpheli ilişki sonrası art arda negatif HIV testleri ne kadar güvenilirdir?

Kurumuş kandan HIV bulaşır mı? Jilete bulaşan HIV ne kadar süre canlı kalır?

Berberde paylaşılan jiletle tıraş sonrası HIV bulaşma riski nedir?

0.9 and 2.1 indices in syphilis serology

Sifiliz antikorü indeks değerleri 0.9 ve 2.1 ne anlama gelir?

Frequently asked questions

What the specialist does