A wound is any break in the skin’s surface caused by cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns or similar injuries. This page explains common wound types, general first-aid measures, signs that an infection may be developing, and situations when you should seek medical attention.
Wounds include lacerations (cuts from knives or glass), abrasions (scrapes), puncture wounds (nails, needles), crush injuries and burns that damage skin integrity. How the injury occurred affects infection risk and healing time. Wounds contaminated by soil, animal bites or rusty metal may require closer evaluation.
Key initial steps are to control bleeding, gently rinse the area with clean water, remove obvious debris, and cover with a suitable sterile dressing. For minor capillary bleeding, light pressure with a clean cloth usually suffices; for heavier bleeding apply direct pressure and seek urgent care if it does not stop. This section does not recommend medications or treatments; seek professional assessment for deep, large, or unusual wounds.
Warning signs include increasing pain, spreading redness or red streaks, swelling, warmth, pus or foul-smelling discharge, and fever. Deep puncture wounds, wounds with suspected foreign bodies, and animal or human bites commonly need medical evaluation. For major bleeding, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness or other life‑threatening signs, seek emergency services immediately.
Keep the wound area clean and dry, change dressings when they become wet or soiled, and handle dressings with clean hands. Underlying conditions such as diabetes or circulation problems can slow healing; discuss these with a healthcare professional. In some cases a clinician will review tetanus vaccination status or other preventive measures.
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