Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx, most often affecting the vocal cords. It commonly causes hoarseness or loss of voice, a dry cough and throat irritation. Below are concise, reliable details on typical causes, symptoms to watch for, how it is assessed, and when to seek further care.
Laryngitis usually follows viral upper respiratory infections. Straining the voice (prolonged shouting or singing), exposure to smoke, air pollution or other irritants, and allergic reactions can also inflame the vocal cords. Less commonly, bacterial infection, acid reflux or chronic conditions contribute to persistent laryngeal symptoms.
The hallmark symptom is hoarseness or a weak voice; in some cases voice can be lost temporarily. Other common features include a dry or occasionally productive cough, scratchy or burning throat sensation, mild throat pain and tiredness when speaking. Acute episodes often improve within days to two weeks; symptoms lasting longer may need specialist review.
A healthcare professional usually diagnoses laryngitis from the history and physical exam. If needed, visualization of the vocal cords with laryngoscopy or referral to ENT (ear, nose and throat) can clarify persistent or unexplained symptoms. The clinician will assess duration, risk factors such as smoking or reflux, and any associated signs that suggest a different condition.
Resting the voice, avoiding smoke and other irritants, keeping air humidified and staying well hydrated can ease symptoms. Managing allergies and reflux helps reduce recurrences. Seek prompt medical attention if you have difficulty breathing, trouble swallowing, high fever, coughing up blood or rapidly worsening breathing — these are reasons to contact urgent or emergency services.
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