Influenza is a respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, often starting suddenly with fever, cough and body aches. It tends to occur in seasonal waves and can be more severe in some people. This page offers general information, prevention measures and guidance on which specialties may be appropriate for further care.
Influenza is caused mainly by influenza A and B viruses. Symptoms usually begin abruptly and commonly include fever, chills, dry cough, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache and marked fatigue. Most healthy adults improve within about a week, though tiredness can linger. Course and severity vary between individuals.
Typical signs are high fever, persistent dry cough, prominent muscle aches and profound tiredness. Young children, older adults, pregnant people and those with chronic lung, heart, kidney or immune conditions are at higher risk of complications. Complications can include pneumonia and worsening of existing chronic illnesses.
Influenza spreads mainly via respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing or close contact. Regular handwashing, covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with sick people reduce transmission. Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for older adults, people with chronic conditions, pregnant people and healthcare workers. Taking precautions in crowded or poorly ventilated places also helps lower risk.
For mild symptoms, family medicine or primary care is a good first point of contact. Seek urgent care or emergency services if serious signs appear such as trouble breathing, chest pain, sudden confusion, persistent high fever or signs of severe dehydration. Depending on severity, referrals may be made to Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, Pediatrics or Internal Medicine for further evaluation.
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