Cervical radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root emerging from the neck (cervical spine) is compressed or irritated. Typical features include neck pain radiating into the arm, numbness or tingling, and sometimes weakness. This page provides general information about symptoms, common diagnostic steps and which specialists may be involved; for personal assessment visit a healthcare provider.
Most people notice a sharp or burning pain that starts in the neck and travels down one arm in a pattern matching the affected nerve root. Other common findings are numbness or pins-and-needles (paresthesia), reduced muscle strength in specific groups, and altered reflexes. Symptoms may worsen with certain neck positions or movements and can be intermittent or persistent.
Degenerative disc changes, herniated discs, and narrowing of the nerve exit (foraminal stenosis) are frequent causes. Trauma, inflammatory conditions, tumors and infections are less common causes. Factors that raise risk include older age, repetitive neck strain, heavy lifting, smoking and occupations that maintain awkward neck postures.
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and neurological examination focused on sensory, motor and reflex changes that map to nerve root levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging test to visualize discs and soft tissues; CT and plain X‑rays can help assess bony anatomy. Electrophysiological studies (EMG/nerve conduction) may be used to evaluate nerve transmission and muscle involvement. Clinicians also consider alternative causes such as shoulder disorders, peripheral neuropathy or spinal cord compression.
Management is tailored to the individual and can include non‑surgical approaches, rehabilitation and, when indicated, interventional or surgical evaluation by specialists. Primary care or family medicine often provides initial assessment and referral. Neurology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery are commonly involved in diagnosis and planning further care. Seek urgent medical attention if there is sudden severe weakness, new difficulty walking, or loss of bladder or bowel control.
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