Angioedema is a sudden swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes. It most often affects the face, lips, eyelids, hands, feet and genital area, and can sometimes involve the airways or digestive tract. This page summarizes typical signs, common triggers, and when urgent evaluation is recommended.
Angioedema is tissue swelling caused by rapid fluid accumulation beneath the skin or in mucosal tissues. Attacks often start suddenly and may resolve over hours to days. While many episodes are limited to one area, the condition can affect multiple sites and may involve the throat or bowel in some cases.
Swelling from angioedema is usually localized, soft to the touch and may be one-sided or confined to a region. It may or may not be painful; some people report tightness, pressure or a burning sensation. Airway involvement may cause shortness of breath, hoarseness or difficulty swallowing—symptoms that require immediate attention. Abdominal involvement can produce cramping, nausea or vomiting.
Causes include allergic reactions, medication-related responses, infections and hereditary forms with different underlying mechanisms. External triggers can include certain foods, cosmetics, temperature changes, physical trauma or stress. A family history of similar episodes can point toward a hereditary form and is an important clue during evaluation.
Seek urgent medical assessment for rapidly progressing swelling of the face or neck, breathing difficulty, trouble swallowing or any change in consciousness. For recurrent or severe episodes, specialists such as allergists/immunologists and dermatologists usually coordinate further evaluation; ENT, gastroenterology or infectious disease teams may be involved depending on symptoms. Repeated attacks typically prompt investigations to identify triggers and guide ongoing care.
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