Sensitivity to light, or photophobia, is discomfort or pain in the eyes triggered by bright light or normal indoor lighting. The information below is for general health guidance only; a specialist exam is needed for diagnosis. If you experience sudden vision loss, high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, or changes in consciousness, seek emergency care promptly.
Photophobia can occur alone or with eye pain, tearing, squinting, headaches, or blurred vision. Some people feel sharp pain when looking at bright light; others find increased ambient light profoundly uncomfortable. Symptoms may vary in intensity and duration.
Light sensitivity may come from eye conditions (corneal injury, keratitis, uveitis, dry eye), neurological disorders (migraine, meningeal irritation), infections, or systemic illnesses. Certain chemicals, medications, and prolonged screen use can also contribute. Identifying the cause usually requires medical history, physical examination, and sometimes further tests.
Seek immediate evaluation if photophobia starts suddenly with diminished vision, severe headache, high fever, neck stiffness, or altered mental status. These signs can indicate meningitis, serious eye injury, or other urgent conditions that require prompt medical attention.
Start with an ophthalmologist (eye specialist) for an eye exam. Based on findings you may be referred to neurology, infectious disease, or other specialties. Short-term measures to reduce discomfort include lowering ambient light, wearing wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses outdoors, and adjusting screen brightness. Persistent or worsening symptoms warrant specialist assessment.
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