Diarrhea is an increase in stool frequency or loose, watery stools. It is often short-lived and can improve with simple measures at home, but some situations require medical assessment. The information below is for general guidance and is not a substitute for personalized medical advice.
Diarrhea typically presents as more frequent bowel movements or looser stools. It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, vomiting or fever. Blood in the stool, very dark stools, signs of dehydration (such as decreased urine output or dizziness) are important warning signs.
Causes include viral, bacterial or parasitic infections, contaminated or spoiled food, certain medications, food intolerances and underlying bowel conditions. Travel, inadequate hygiene, weakened immune systems, and extremes of age (infants and older adults) increase risk.
Focus on replacing lost fluids and electrolytes with oral rehydration solutions or appropriate clear fluids, and eat small, bland, easy-to-digest foods as tolerated. Maintain strict hand hygiene, prepare and store food safely, and avoid foods that worsen symptoms. Rest and gradual return to normal diet often help recovery.
Seek prompt medical evaluation for high fever, severe or persistent vomiting, signs of significant dehydration, blood in the stool or stools that are very dark, symptoms lasting more than 48–72 hours in adults, or any worrying change in an infant or older person. If there are severe or rapidly worsening signs, go to emergency services.
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