Floaters are small specks, threads or shadows that appear to drift across the visual field. They most often result from changes in the vitreous gel inside the eye. Below you’ll find concise information on how floaters are perceived, typical causes and risk factors, signs that need urgent evaluation, and how specialists assess them.
Floaters are not external objects but shadows cast on the retina by tiny particles or condensations within the vitreous. They move when the eye moves and are usually more noticeable against bright backgrounds such as a clear sky or a white wall.
Age-related vitreous changes and posterior vitreous detachment are the most frequent causes. Other factors that increase the chance of floaters include myopia, prior eye trauma or surgery, intraocular inflammation, and vitreous hemorrhage. In some cases floaters can be an early sign of retinal tear or detachment, which require prompt assessment.
A sudden, significant increase in floaters, new flashes of light, a curtain or shadow across part of the vision, or sudden vision loss are warning signs. If any of these occur, seek urgent ophthalmic evaluation or go to an emergency eye clinic without delay.
Diagnosis typically involves a dilated fundus (retina) examination. When the view is limited or further detail is needed, clinicians may use optical coherence tomography (OCT) or ocular ultrasound. Many cases are managed with observation and scheduled follow-up; the frequency depends on risk factors and exam findings. Any new or changing symptoms should prompt re-evaluation.
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