Growth failure refers to a child not gaining height or weight at the expected rate for their age. This page explains what growth failure means, how growth is tracked, common contributing causes, which specialists may be involved, and when to seek urgent medical attention. The information is general; for a definitive evaluation contact a health professional.
Clinicians monitor growth with regular measurements of height, weight and head circumference plotted on pediatric growth charts. Percentiles and growth velocity help compare a child with peers and identify slowing or drops on the curve. A sustained lack of expected increase or a clear fall in percentiles usually prompts further evaluation.
There is rarely a single cause. Nutritional shortfalls, chronic infections or inflammatory conditions, malabsorption or gastrointestinal disorders, congenital or acquired heart or kidney disease, genetic growth patterns, and hormonal problems (such as thyroid disorders or growth hormone deficiency) can all contribute. Psychosocial factors and living conditions may also affect growth. Often more than one factor is present.
A family doctor or pediatrician usually starts the evaluation with a detailed history, growth-chart review and physical exam. Based on findings, referrals may be made to pediatric endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics or a clinical nutrition specialist. Investigations can include blood tests (to check for anemia, metabolic or hormonal issues), repeated growth measurements over time, and when indicated imaging or genetic testing. Choice of tests depends on the clinical context.
Begin with your family physician or a pediatrician for initial assessment. If further assessment is needed, pediatric endocrinologists, pediatric gastroenterologists, clinical dietitians and geneticists commonly participate. Seek urgent care or emergency services if the child shows rapid weight loss, high fever with marked worsening of general condition, breathing difficulty, changes in consciousness, or severe vomiting/diarrhea with signs of dehydration.
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