Blistering refers to fluid-filled pockets that form on the skin’s surface. They can arise after friction, burns or as part of infections and certain skin conditions, and vary in size and content.
Blisters are raised sacs that may contain clear, yellowish or blood-tinged fluid. Sizes range from tiny vesicles to larger blisters several centimetres across. Surrounding skin can be red, scaly or crusted depending on the cause.
Friction and pressure: repeated rubbing (new shoes, repetitive movements) often causes blisters on hands and feet. Burns and sun damage: heat or UV exposure can produce localized blistering. Infections: viral infections such as herpes or bacterial conditions like impetigo may present with blisters. Allergic or irritant reactions: contact with certain chemicals, plants or allergens can trigger blistering. Autoimmune or inflammatory skin diseases: some dermatologic conditions lead to widespread or recurrent blister formation.
Small, painless blisters often heal with simple care, but see a health professional if a blister causes severe pain, shows spreading redness, warmth, swelling, pus-like drainage, foul odour, or is accompanied by fever or other systemic symptoms. Blisters on the face, around the eyes, mouth, genitals, or those that affect breathing or swallowing require prompt assessment. For urgent or life-threatening signs, seek emergency services.
Keep the area clean and protected with a loose dressing if needed. Minimise friction by choosing well-fitting footwear, suitable socks and gloves for manual tasks. Protect skin from burns and sun exposure using physical barriers and sun-safe habits. If you suspect infection or the blister is recurrent, consult a clinician for evaluation rather than self-managing beyond basic hygiene.
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