Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine

DCS symptoms range from mild to severe and often include joint and muscle pain, skin rash or itching, fatigue, dizziness, breathlessness and neurological signs such as numbness or weakness. Any suspected DCS should prompt prompt medical evaluation.

HBOT is generally safe when performed in accredited centers under specialist supervision, but patients undergo a pre-treatment assessment. Possible complications include middle-ear or sinus barotrauma, claustrophobia and, rarely, oxygen toxicity. Treatment decisions should be made by trained clinicians.

Diving medical clearance usually involves a medical history review, ear and sinus examination, and assessment of respiratory and cardiovascular health. Additional tests depend on age, health status and the type of diving; diving physicians decide which investigations are necessary.

If severe or sudden symptoms occur, seek emergency care or call local emergency services. When a diving-related injury is suspected, clinicians will assess timing and symptom pattern and may refer to an Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine service for further management.