Medical Pathology examines tissue and cell specimens at microscopic and molecular levels to support clinical diagnosis. This page outlines the laboratory's role, common specimen types, reporting practices, and how pathology teams work with clinicians.
Pathologists review a range of samples including surgical biopsies, excisions, cytology specimens (for example fine‑needle aspirations), frozen sections used during operations, and post‑mortem material. They assess microscopic architecture, cellular features and patterns to provide diagnostic information and to indicate whether further molecular or immunohistochemical testing may be helpful.
After collection, specimens are fixed, sectioned and stained for microscopic evaluation. Beyond routine histology, immunohistochemistry identifies protein markers and molecular tests (such as targeted genetic analyses) can clarify diagnosis or guide further specialist assessment. Turnaround times vary between laboratories and by the complexity of requested tests.
Pathology reports typically include macroscopic and microscopic findings, a diagnostic conclusion or differential, and notes on staging or grading when relevant. Clear information from the clinical team — surgical findings, imaging and clinical history — improves interpretation. Direct discussion between clinicians and pathologists is often used to resolve complex cases or to decide on additional testing.
Patients should be informed about what type of specimen was taken, expected processing times and how results will be communicated. Reporting times depend on sample type and any extra tests required; ask the clinician who ordered the test for specifics. If significant post‑procedure problems occur such as heavy bleeding, high fever or rapidly worsening pain, seek emergency medical care.
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