Allergy and Immunology focuses on immune-system reactions, diagnosis of allergic conditions and guidance on specialist referral. This page summarizes frequent symptoms, the diagnostic pathway, everyday measures to reduce triggers and when to seek urgent care.
The field includes allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, anaphylaxis and primary immunodeficiencies. Specialists also coordinate care with pulmonology, dermatology, otolaryngology and pediatrics when conditions overlap.
Typical complaints include nasal congestion, itching, watery eyes, recurrent rashes, wheeze and frequent sinus infections. Urgent warning signs — such as sudden breathing difficulty, swallowing problems, rapidly increasing facial or throat swelling, fainting or severe dizziness — require immediate emergency care. This page offers general information; a specialist evaluation is needed for individual advice.
Assessment begins with medical history and physical exam. Tests that may be used include skin prick testing, serum specific IgE, spirometry (lung function), total immunoglobulin measurements and controlled provocation tests when appropriate. Test selection and interpretation should be done by a specialist to avoid misdiagnosis.
Reducing exposure to known allergens (dust mites, mold, pollen, pet dander), avoiding tobacco smoke and identifying trigger foods can improve daily symptoms. Immunizations, long-term monitoring and specialized treatments are managed by an allergist/immunologist. For severe reactions or suspected anaphylaxis, seek emergency services rather than waiting at home.
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