Information about a laboratory test

Progesterone in Pregnancy: How Is It Interpreted?

Progesterone changes markedly throughout pregnancy and rises across gestation; a single nonpregnant reference range is not appropriate.

Test summary

Test name
Progesterone
Abbreviations
P4, Progesterone
Category
Endocrinology / Reproductive
Panel
Reproductive Hormones
Specimen
Serum / plasma
Common units
ng/mL, nmol/L

What does the test measure?

Measures progesterone, produced mainly by the ovaries and, during pregnancy, increasingly by the placenta.

Why is the test ordered?

Used with other clinical information to assess ovulation, infertility, and selected pregnancy-related questions.

Information about a low result

The meaning of low progesterone depends on cycle timing or gestational stage; one low result alone does not predict a pregnancy outcome.

Information about a high result

High progesterone is physiologic after ovulation and during pregnancy; labeling it 'high' without cycle context can be misleading.

Reference and clinical context

Use the reference interval printed on your own laboratory report first. Hormone results may vary with the assay, age, sex, pregnancy, menstrual-cycle phase, and sampling time.

Reference range 1

< 1 ng/mL

Population
Pre-ovulation
Sex
Female
Pregnancy status
No
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference range 2

>= 5 – <= 20 ng/mL

Population
Mid-cycle
Sex
Female
Pregnancy status
No
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference range 3

< 1 ng/mL

Population
Adults
Sex
Male
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference range 4

< 1 ng/mL

Population
Postmenopausal adults
Sex
Female
Pregnancy status
No
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference range 5

>= 11.2 – <= 90 ng/mL

Population
Pregnancy
Sex
Female
Pregnancy status
Yes
Trimester
1
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference range 6

>= 25.6 – <= 89.4 ng/mL

Population
Pregnancy
Sex
Female
Pregnancy status
Yes
Trimester
2
Specimen
Serum / plasma

Example reference interval

This is an example interval from the cited source. Menstrual-cycle phase, menopause, and pregnancy can materially affect reproductive-hormone results.

Reference ranges may vary by laboratory, method used, age, sex, pregnancy status, and clinical context. The reference range on your own laboratory report takes precedence.

Interpretation notes

Cycle phase, pregnancy status, and trimester are core context fields for progesterone. The same number can have very different meaning at different times.

Related specialties

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

Frequently asked questions

Sources

  1. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test — U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus)

    Government medical reference · 2023 · LH function and use with FSH and reproductive hormones · Verified: Aug 11, 2026

  2. Estrogen Levels Test — U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus)

    Government medical reference · 2025 · Estrogen testing across fertility, pregnancy, bone health and menopause · Verified: Aug 11, 2026

  3. Progesterone Test — U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus)

    Government medical reference · 2025 · Progesterone use in ovulation, fertility and pregnancy · Verified: Aug 11, 2026

  4. Serum progesterone — U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus)

    Government medical encyclopedia · 2025 · Cycle- and trimester-specific example progesterone values · Verified: Aug 11, 2026