Varicose veins are enlarged, often twisted superficial veins most commonly seen in the legs. This page gives general information on what varicose veins are, possible signs, common risk factors and where to seek specialist assessment. It is not a substitute for a personal medical evaluation.
Varicose veins develop when valves inside veins weaken or the vein wall stretches, allowing blood to pool and the vessel to dilate and become prominent. These changes usually happen gradually and can be limited to surface veins; not every visible vein is clinically significant. The description here is for general information.
A family history of varicose veins raises the likelihood of developing them. Age-related changes, pregnancy, hormonal shifts, obesity, prolonged standing or sitting and reduced calf-muscle activity can contribute. Occupational and lifestyle factors influence risk; an individual assessment by a clinician clarifies personal risk.
Common complaints include visible, bulging veins, leg aching, a heavy or tired feeling, swelling or night cramps. Skin changes, persistent redness, open sores, sudden severe leg pain or warmth and fever may signal complications and need prompt evaluation. Systemic symptoms such as chest pain or breathlessness require immediate emergency care. This page does not replace urgent medical assessment.
Evaluation usually starts with a clinical examination. Ultrasound Doppler or duplex scanning is commonly used to assess blood flow and valve function. Depending on findings, vascular surgery (vascular specialists), interventional radiology or dermatology may be involved in further assessment or procedures. Your primary care clinician can advise on the most appropriate referral.
Measures that can reduce symptoms include regular movement and leg exercise, avoiding long uninterrupted periods of standing or sitting, maintaining a healthy weight and calf-strengthening activities. Simple adjustments in daily routine may relieve discomfort; discuss options with a clinician to find the best approach for you.
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