Arrhythmia

An arrhythmia means the heart’s rhythm is faster, slower, or irregular than normal. Some arrhythmias produce noticeable symptoms; others are detected during tests. This page offers general information and guidance on which specialists can help with evaluation.

Types of arrhythmia and how they may feel

Arrhythmias include fast rhythms (tachycardia), slow rhythms (bradycardia), irregular rhythms such as atrial fibrillation, and premature beats (extrasystoles). People commonly notice palpitations, a fluttering or skipped-beat sensation, chest discomfort, lightheadedness or fatigue. Some arrhythmias cause no symptoms and are found on routine tests.

When to seek urgent care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden fainting or loss of consciousness, severe chest pain, intense shortness of breath, sudden confusion or very heavy sweating. These signs can indicate a serious cardiac event and require urgent assessment.

How arrhythmias are diagnosed

Diagnosis starts with a detailed history and physical exam. Common tests include a resting electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), ambulatory monitoring (24–48 hour Holter or longer event monitors), exercise testing and echocardiography. When needed, electrophysiology studies or advanced imaging may be used. Results are interpreted by a cardiology specialist.

Which specialists to consult and general lifestyle advice

Primary care physicians can perform initial assessment and arrange referrals. Cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology are the main specialties for further evaluation and procedural planning. General measures that support heart health include limiting alcohol and high caffeine intake, avoiding tobacco, regular physical activity, and controlling chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and thyroid disorders. These are general suggestions; personal medical decisions require specialist consultation.

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