Tailbone pain (coccydynia)

Tailbone pain causes local discomfort that often worsens when sitting or standing up and can affect daily activities. This page provides general information on common causes, typical signs looked for during evaluation, and which medical specialists are commonly involved.

What it is and common triggers

Pain around the coccyx (tailbone) can arise from direct trauma such as a fall or blow, from repeated pressure (long periods of sitting), from strain during childbirth, or from changes in pelvic or spinal biomechanics. Weight changes and certain inflammatory conditions may also contribute. Each case can have different causes, so assessment is individualized.

Symptoms and when to seek urgent care

Typical complaints include localized pain that increases when sitting, when rising from a chair, or after prolonged immobility. Pain may start suddenly or develop over time; altering sitting position sometimes brings relief. Seek urgent medical attention if pain follows a major trauma or is accompanied by fever, sudden leg weakness, or new bowel or bladder problems.

How clinicians evaluate tailbone pain

Initial evaluation relies on medical history and a focused physical exam, including inspection of sitting posture, palpation of the coccyx, and movement-related tests. Imaging (x-ray, MRI, or ultrasound) and targeted tests may be requested when clinicians need to rule out fracture, infection, tumor, or referred pain from the spine or pelvis.

Which specialists can help

Orthopaedic surgeons and specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiatrists) commonly perform first-line assessment. Pain management (algology) teams may become involved for chronic or complex pain needing interventional assessment. Infectious disease, neurology or other specialties are consulted when specific findings indicate their involvement.

Practical measures and daily tips

To reduce aggravation, avoid prolonged static sitting, evaluate and improve seating and posture, and consider ergonomic cushions when needed. After a trauma, seek timely evaluation; for recurrent overload, consider lifestyle adjustments and specialist follow-up. This information is general and not a substitute for individualized medical advice.

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