Suicide risk refers to thoughts or behaviours that indicate a person might harm themselves or consider ending their life. Below are general signs to watch for, factors that increase or reduce risk, when to seek professional help, and practical steps to support someone safely. This page provides information, not personalized medical advice.
Warning signs can be verbal (talking about wanting to die or feeling hopeless), behavioural (withdrawing from others, giving away possessions, sudden calm after low mood), emotional (extreme mood swings, overwhelming anxiety or despair) and functional (decline in self-care, dropping activities). Increased alcohol or substance use can also be a sign. Any one sign warrants attention; multiple signs increase concern.
Risk often arises from a mix of factors: current or past mental health conditions, previous suicide attempts, chronic physical illness or pain, recent loss or trauma, social isolation, financial stress, and easy access to means. Protective factors that lower risk include strong social support, access to healthcare, stable living conditions, and coping resources. Understanding context helps professionals assess immediate danger.
If thoughts are frequent, there is a plan, or you believe someone may act on these thoughts, seek help promptly. Start with a primary care clinician for initial assessment or contact mental health services (psychiatrists, psychologists, crisis teams) for urgent evaluation. If someone appears to be in immediate danger, contact emergency services or local crisis lines without delay. Do not wait when risk seems imminent.
Listen calmly and without judgment; ask directly about suicidal thoughts if you are worried. Stay with the person or ensure they are not left alone if there is imminent risk. Help find professional support and offer practical assistance (scheduling appointments, accompanying them). Reduce immediate risk by limiting access to potentially lethal means when safe to do so. Maintain clear, supportive communication and follow up.
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