Dry eye disease occurs when the tear film that keeps the eye surface moist is insufficient in quantity or quality. This page outlines common causes, typical symptoms, how daily life can be affected, and which specialist to consult. It provides general information only and is not a substitute for personalized medical assessment. If you experience sudden severe eye pain, sudden loss of vision, or intense redness, seek urgent medical attention.
Multiple factors can contribute to dry eye: natural aging, hormonal changes, extended screen time, dry or windy environments, contact lens wear, certain cosmetics or skincare products, environmental allergens and systemic conditions. Smoking, inadequate sleep and some medications or medical conditions can also worsen symptoms.
Typical features include burning or stinging, a gritty or foreign-body sensation, eye tiredness, intermittent blurred vision and sensitivity to light. These symptoms can make reading, computer work, driving (especially at night) and other daily activities more difficult, reducing comfort and performance.
An ophthalmologist (eye specialist) usually evaluates dry eye with an eye examination and tests of tear production and ocular surface health; additional tests may be used in some cases. Your family physician can perform an initial assessment and refer you to ophthalmology when needed. Rapidly worsening symptoms or concerning signs merit prompt medical evaluation.
Simple practical steps may improve comfort: take regular breaks during screen work, blink more often, use a room humidifier to raise indoor humidity, protect eyes from wind and dust with wraparound glasses, avoid smoke exposure and maintain eyelid hygiene. Environmental adjustments and routine habits often reduce symptom burden.
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