Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that most often affects the scalp, face and upper chest. Common findings include redness, oily‑scaly flaking and itching. The information below is general and for patient education; a definitive assessment requires a clinician’s evaluation.
Seborrheic dermatitis typically appears in areas with more sebaceous (oil) glands: the scalp, eyebrows, around the nose, behind the ears and the upper chest. It can occur at any age and in infants may present as cradle cap. Disease course varies between people, with periods of flare and improvement.
Typical features include red patches, flaky or dandruff‑like crusts that may look oily, and mild to moderate itching. Some people report skin soreness or increased sensitivity. In more extensive cases, lesions can spread beyond the starting site.
There is no single proven cause. Factors that appear to contribute include local oil production, the presence of Malassezia yeasts on the skin, individual immune response, genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Triggers that can worsen symptoms include stress, cold or dry weather, heavy sweating, certain neurological conditions and hormonal changes.
Gentle skin and scalp cleansing with lukewarm water and mild products may reduce irritation. Avoid harsh soaps, excessive scrubbing and heavy cosmetic or hair products that can aggravate flakes. Managing stress, maintaining regular sleep and a balanced diet can help reduce flare frequency. These measures support symptom control but are not a substitute for clinical assessment when needed.
See a healthcare professional when symptoms are persistent, worsening, widely spreading or significantly affecting quality of life. Initial assessment may be provided by Family Medicine/General Practice. For long‑standing, severe, or treatment‑resistant cases, referral to Dermatology (Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıkları / Dermatology) is appropriate. If there are signs of a secondary infection—such as increasing pain, pus, fever—coordination with Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology may be needed. For rapidly spreading redness, high fever or severe pain, seek urgent medical care.
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