Risk of self-harm refers to the possibility that a person may think about or attempt to harm their own body. This page offers general information on common risk factors, observable warning signs, and safe steps to find support. It is for informational purposes and not a diagnostic or treatment resource.
Risk of self-harm covers both thoughts about injuring oneself and behaviors that could lead to physical harm. Common contributing factors include intense emotional distress, long-term stress, past trauma, mood or anxiety disorders, substance use, and social isolation. Presence of one or more factors does not mean a person will harm themselves, but they can raise vulnerability.
Signs that someone may be at risk include talking about self-harm, expressing strong feelings of worthlessness, sudden mood shifts, withdrawing from friends or activities, giving away possessions, neglecting responsibilities, or unexplained cuts, burns, or bruises. Any clear mention of an intent to die, a specific plan, or imminent action requires immediate attention and urgent help.
If you are worried about someone or yourself, prioritize immediate safety. Stay calm and listen without judgment, remove or secure means of harm if it can be done safely, and encourage contact with a trusted person. If there is a clear and immediate risk, contact local emergency services or a crisis hotline. Avoid minimizing their feelings; taking concerns seriously can help connect the person to timely support.
Primary care clinicians, psychologists, and psychiatrists can assess risk, help create a safety plan, and suggest follow-up care or community supports. In urgent situations, emergency departments or crisis teams can provide immediate evaluation. Expect professionals to ask about current thoughts, history, supports, and to discuss short-term safety steps and referral options.
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