Pulpitis is inflammation of the tooth’s pulpal tissue — the nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. This page summarizes common causes, typical symptoms, and which dental professionals are usually involved. This information is general and does not replace a clinical evaluation; seek prompt care if you have severe or rapidly worsening symptoms.
Pulpitis occurs when the dental pulp becomes inflamed because of deep decay, trauma, repeated procedures, or other irritants. The pulp contains nerves and blood vessels; inflammation there can cause heightened sensitivity and pain. Depending on the cause and duration, pulpitis may be reversible or progress to more persistent inflammation.
Frequent causes include untreated cavities that reach the pulp, tooth fractures or blows to the mouth, and large or repeated dental restorations. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, infrequent dental check-ups, and habits that increase decay risk. Early dental care and routine prevention lower the chance of pulp involvement.
Typical signs include a sharp, throbbing, or persistent toothache and sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers after the stimulus is removed. Pain that disturbs sleep or is triggered by biting is common. If you notice facial swelling, fever, trouble swallowing or breathing, or rapidly worsening pain, seek urgent medical or dental evaluation — these may indicate a spreading infection.
Diagnosis is usually made by a dentist using a clinical exam and dental X-rays; pulp vitality tests may be used. General dentists provide the first assessment; if the pulp is severely affected, an endodontist (root canal specialist) may be involved. Emergency dental services can advise when symptoms are severe.
Reducing the risk of pulpitis focuses on preventing cavities and trauma: regular brushing and flossing, limiting sugary foods, and attending routine dental check-ups to catch decay early. After dental injury, prompt evaluation can reduce complications. These are general measures — consult a dentist for personalized guidance.
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