Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a circulation problem caused by narrowing or blockage of arteries outside the heart, most commonly in the legs. This page outlines typical features, common diagnostic tests and general lifestyle measures. For a personal assessment, consult an appropriate specialist.
PAD most often results from atherosclerotic plaque buildup that reduces blood flow to tissues. Major risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, older age and physical inactivity. Over time reduced blood supply can impair walking ability and tissue health.
Common symptoms include leg pain or cramping during walking (claudication) that eases with rest, persistent pain at rest, cold or pale feet, skin thinning, and sores that heal slowly. Warning signs that need prompt assessment include sudden severe pain, loss of sensation, sudden color change or rapid worsening of a limb—these require immediate medical attention.
Initial assessment often includes a physical exam and measurement of the ankle‑brachial index (ABI). Duplex Doppler ultrasound, CT or MR angiography, and invasive angiography are used when imaging is needed. Vascular surgery and cardiology commonly lead care; endocrinology/internal medicine may be involved for diabetes and risk‑factor control. Your primary care clinician can advise on appropriate referrals.
Managing risk factors is central: stop smoking, follow supervised or regular walking programs, and keep blood pressure, blood sugar and lipids under control. Protect feet with suitable footwear, inspect feet regularly for cuts or ulcers, and seek early review for non‑healing wounds. These are general suggestions—individual care plans should be discussed with a clinician.
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