Nasal polyps are usually benign growths of the nasal or sinus lining. This page outlines common signs, possible causes, typical diagnostic steps, and which specialists may be involved in assessment and follow-up.
Polyps can be tiny or large enough to block nasal passages. Typical complaints include persistent nasal congestion, runny nose, reduced sense of smell, facial pressure around the sinuses, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms may affect voice quality, increase the frequency of sinus infections, and reduce quality of life.
The exact cause of nasal polyps is not always clear, but they are commonly linked with chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, recurrent sinusitis and aspirin sensitivity are known risk factors. Genetic predisposition and environmental irritants can also contribute.
An initial evaluation is typically performed by an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist. Physical examination and nasal endoscopy help confirm polyp presence; imaging such as CT scans of the sinuses may be requested for detailed assessment. If allergies or asthma are suspected, collaboration with an allergy specialist or pulmonologist may be recommended.
Management focuses on reducing symptoms and maintaining function through specialist follow‑up. Sudden or rapidly worsening breathing difficulty, marked swelling of the face or around the eyes, changes in vision, high fever, or other signs of severe infection are reasons to seek emergency medical care promptly.
Avoiding known allergens and irritants, staying away from tobacco smoke, and closely managing coexisting conditions such as asthma or allergic rhinitis can help reduce recurrence. Regular follow‑up with specialists supports symptom monitoring and long‑term planning.
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