Mastitis is inflammation of breast tissue that most often occurs during breastfeeding. Below are typical signs, possible causes, practical self-care measures and guidance on when to seek professional help.
Mastitis refers to inflammation of the breast, commonly linked to breastfeeding but sometimes occurring in people who are not lactating. Factors that increase risk include incomplete emptying of the breast, nipple injury or cracking, and skin bacteria entering milk ducts. This section explains the condition and common risk factors.
Common symptoms include localized breast pain, redness, swelling and warmth, often accompanied by flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills. Seek prompt medical attention or emergency services if you have a high fever, rapidly spreading redness, a hard lump that develops quickly, pus draining from the breast, or a rapid deterioration in how you feel. These signs can indicate an abscess or a more serious infection.
Frequent causes are blocked milk ducts, nipple trauma and bacteria from the skin entering the ducts. Diagnosis is usually based on medical history and a physical exam; an ultrasound or milk culture may be used if an abscess or another complication is suspected. A clinician can advise on appropriate next steps.
Supportive measures often ease symptoms: ensure effective breast emptying (feeding or pumping), check latch and positioning, avoid tight bras or clothing, keep nipple skin clean and dry, and vary feeding positions to help drainage. Continuing breastfeeding is often possible and can help clear blocked ducts, but discuss the best approach with a health professional. Decisions about medications or procedures should be made by a clinician.
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