Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common, non‑cancerous enlargement of the prostate that can change urinary patterns as men age. The information below is for general health guidance and to indicate which specialists to consult; it is not a substitute for personalized medical diagnosis or treatment.
The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system. BPH refers to a benign increase in prostate size that can press on the urethra and affect urine flow and bladder emptying. It is commonly seen in middle‑aged and older men and is not prostate cancer.
Symptoms may include increased frequency of urination, waking at night to urinate (nocturia), difficulty starting urination, weak stream, a feeling of incomplete emptying, or dribbling. If these symptoms interfere with daily life, seek evaluation from a healthcare provider. Urgent assessment is needed for sudden inability to pass urine (acute retention), high fever with urinary symptoms, severe lower‑abdominal or groin pain, or visible blood in the urine — in such cases, go to emergency services.
Initial assessment often begins with a review of symptoms and a physical exam by a primary care clinician; primary care can arrange tests or refer directly to Urology. Urology is the specialty that manages prostate and urinary tract issues. Evaluation may include medical history, focused physical exam, urinalysis, and, where appropriate, blood tests or imaging. Specific tests and next steps are determined by the treating clinician.
Simple measures can ease symptoms for some people: adjust fluid intake timing (avoid large fluid intake before bedtime), reduce caffeine and alcohol, schedule regular bathroom visits, maintain a healthy weight, and stay physically active. Managing chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure) supports overall urinary health. Discuss any persistent or worsening symptoms with a urologist to review appropriate options.
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