A hydrocele is swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid collecting around the testicle. It is often noticed as a painless lump, and diagnosis usually involves a clinical exam and, if needed, scrotal ultrasound.
A hydrocele is fluid that accumulates between the layers surrounding the testicle (the tunica vaginalis). It can occur in newborns and adult men and commonly appears as a soft, usually non-tender scrotal swelling that may be translucent to light on exam.
The main sign is scrotal swelling. Some people report a feeling of weight or mild discomfort. Sudden intense pain, redness, fever or rapid enlargement suggest other conditions such as testicular torsion, infection, or an inguinal hernia and require prompt assessment.
Assessment starts with medical history and physical examination. A scrotal ultrasound is the preferred imaging test to confirm fluid, assess the testicle’s appearance, and look for other causes. Doppler ultrasound is used if blood flow needs evaluation, for example when torsion is a concern.
Seek urgent medical attention if you have sudden severe scrotal pain, rapid swelling, fever, or signs of systemic illness. These symptoms warrant immediate evaluation to rule out emergencies; otherwise, non-urgent specialist assessment is appropriate.
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