Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long‑term skin condition marked by recurrent painful nodules, abscesses or draining lesions in skin folds such as the armpits, groin and under the breasts. This page explains typical signs, common triggers and which medical specialties are usually involved in assessment and ongoing care.
HS often begins with single or multiple painful lumps beneath the skin that can worsen into abscesses or draining lesions. Over time lesions may scar and form sinus tracts (tunnels). The course varies: some people have intermittent flares, while others experience more persistent symptoms that affect daily activities and comfort.
The exact cause of HS is not fully understood. Contributing factors include blockage of hair follicles, abnormal local inflammation, genetic predisposition and hormonal influences. Lifestyle and health factors such as obesity, smoking and a family history of HS are associated with higher risk. Metabolic or hormonal issues may affect the condition’s course and are considered during evaluation.
Initial assessment is commonly performed by Dermatology. The clinician documents lesion number, location, frequency of flares and impact on quality of life to stage severity. Depending on findings, referrals or consultations may involve Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology for infections, General Surgery or Plastic Surgery for surgical management, and primary care for coordination and ongoing follow‑up.
Everyday measures that can reduce irritation include gentle skin cleansing, loose clothing to lower friction and attention to skin moisture. Smoking cessation and weight management are often suggested as part of overall care planning. This page does not provide specific treatment recommendations; those come from a clinician during consultation. Seek urgent care or emergency services if you have a rapidly spreading skin infection, high fever, severe pain or a sudden decline in overall condition.
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