A drooping eyelid, or ptosis, occurs when the upper eyelid sits lower than normal and can affect one or both eyes. This page explains common forms of ptosis, likely causes, which specialists typically evaluate it, and situations that need faster assessment. Individual diagnosis requires an in-person specialist exam.
Ptosis ranges from a mild lowering that may be barely noticeable to a marked droop that narrows the upper visual field. It can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired later in life. Whether it affects one eye or both helps guide the diagnostic thinking and possible causes.
Frequent causes include age-related weakening of the eyelid supporting tissues, nerve injury, neuromuscular conditions such as myasthenia, and trauma. Infections, tumors, or neurological disorders can also underlie ptosis. Warning signs that require urgent assessment include sudden onset drooping, double vision, weakness on one side of the face, trouble speaking, or sudden visual loss; in such cases seek immediate medical evaluation.
Initial evaluation is usually by an ophthalmologist who examines eyelid position, eyelid movement, eye movements, visual acuity and pupils. If needed, specialists such as neurologists, plastic surgeons or infectious disease physicians may be involved. Imaging or neuromuscular testing may be ordered depending on the suspected cause and will be decided by the clinician.
Ptosis can affect reading, driving and work depending on its severity. If you notice reduced upper visual field or changes that affect daily tasks, discuss restrictions and follow-up with your clinician. Ongoing monitoring and specialist referrals are based on the underlying cause and how much the eyelid interferes with vision or function.
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