Facial palsy happens when the nerve that controls facial muscles loses function, causing weakness or drooping on one or both sides. Below are common signs, possible causes and guidance on which specialists to consult. For sudden or worsening neurologic symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Facial palsy refers to reduced strength or paralysis of the muscles of the face caused by dysfunction of the facial nerve. Onset, severity and accompanying symptoms vary; these differences help clinicians identify possible causes.
Typical signs include sudden facial asymmetry, difficulty closing the eye, drooping of the mouth, and decreased ability to move facial muscles. Changes in taste, pain in front of the ear, and trouble speaking or swallowing may also occur. Inability to close the eyelid can expose the eye surface and requires prompt attention.
Facial palsy can result from viral inflammation, nerve compression or trauma, tumors, or central nervous system events such as stroke. Chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure may increase risk. Determining the exact cause often requires clinical evaluation and, when indicated, imaging or laboratory tests.
Evaluation starts with a clinical examination. Neurology and ear‑nose‑throat (ENT) specialists commonly assess facial palsy; ophthalmology may be involved if the eye is at risk. The need for imaging or other tests is decided by the treating clinician.
Seek emergency services if facial weakness occurs alongside arm or leg weakness, sudden speech changes, severe headache, altered consciousness, or rapid worsening. Urgent assessment is also needed for significant eye exposure, major swallowing difficulties or breathing problems.
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