Diverticulitis is inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the large intestine. This page offers general information on signs, likely causes, common risk factors, typical diagnostic steps, and which specialists may be consulted for further evaluation.
Diverticula are small outpouchings of the colon wall; having diverticula is called diverticulosis and is often without symptoms. Diverticulitis refers to inflammation or infection of these pouches and is more likely to produce noticeable symptoms and prompt medical assessment.
Common features include constant abdominal pain (often on the lower left), tenderness, fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea. Warning signs that require prompt emergency assessment include very severe sudden pain, high fever, vomiting that cannot be controlled, fainting or signs of heavy bleeding. If such severe signs occur, seek emergency medical care.
No single cause explains every case. Risk tends to rise with age and is associated with low-fiber diets, chronic constipation, obesity, smoking, and certain lifestyle factors. People known to have diverticula have a higher chance of developing diverticulitis than those without them.
Initial evaluation usually starts with a primary care physician or internist. Blood tests and imaging—most commonly a CT scan—are used to confirm inflammation and assess complications. Referral to a gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon may be recommended for further evaluation, follow-up imaging, or procedures once the acute phase is managed.
Measures that may lower the long-term risk include a diet higher in fiber, maintaining adequate fluid intake, regular physical activity, healthy weight management, and addressing bowel habits. These are general lifestyle approaches; for personalized advice, consult a healthcare professional.
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