Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term condition in which ongoing inflammation and scarring gradually reduce pancreatic function. This page gives general information on typical features, common symptoms, when to seek urgent assessment and which specialists are usually involved. It is for informational purposes and not a substitute for individualized medical advice.
What is chronic pancreatitis and who is affected?
Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by prolonged inflammation of the pancreas and progressive fibrosis. Over time the organ may produce fewer digestive enzymes and hormones, which can affect digestion and glucose regulation. Common associated factors include long-term heavy alcohol use, biliary (bile-duct) problems, genetic predisposition, metabolic disorders and some autoimmune causes. Disease course varies: some people have recurrent acute flares, others have persistent low‑grade symptoms.
Symptoms and impact on daily life
Typical complaints include upper abdominal pain that can radiate to the back, recurrent flare-ups, fatty or bulky stools (steatorrhea), weight loss and reduced appetite. Digestive problems may lead to nutrient deficiencies over time. Reduced pancreatic hormone production can be associated with new-onset glucose control problems. The severity and mix of symptoms differ between individuals and can affect everyday activities and nutrition.
How chronic pancreatitis is investigated and which specialists to consult
Diagnosis aims to assess pancreatic structure and function and identify underlying causes or complications. Imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI/MRCP) and laboratory tests are commonly used. Care is usually coordinated by a gastroenterologist; referrals to hepatobiliary surgery, endocrinology, radiology or dietetics may be needed for further evaluation and management planning.
Management principles and lifestyle measures
Management is multidisciplinary and tailored to the individual. Key elements include ensuring adequate nutrition and addressing malabsorption, stopping alcohol and tobacco, and arranging regular follow-up. Pain management and support from dietitians or diabetes specialists may be needed. Specific diagnostic and treatment decisions should be made by treating specialists.
Complications and when to seek emergency care
Chronic pancreatitis can lead to complications such as pancreatic cysts, bile-duct obstruction, recurrent severe flares and malnutrition. Seek urgent medical assessment for severe, uncontrolled abdominal pain; new or rapidly worsening jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes); high fever or signs of infection; persistent vomiting; or breathing difficulties.
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