Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which kidney function declines gradually over months or years. It can be symptom‑free in early stages, so people with risk factors should have regular checks. This page gives a general overview of CKD, typical findings, diagnostic and monitoring tests, risk factors and which specialties can provide further assessment and follow‑up.
CKD occurs when the kidneys’ ability to remove waste, regulate fluid and maintain electrolyte balance falls. Staging is based mainly on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the amount of albumin in urine; stages range from mild impairment to advanced loss of kidney function. Staging helps guide monitoring frequency and referral to specialists.
Early CKD often causes no symptoms. As kidney function declines, people may notice persistent tiredness, reduced appetite, nausea, swelling in the legs or face, changes in urine amount or color, sleep problems and breathlessness. If someone develops sudden, severe breathlessness, chest pain, marked confusion, or a rapid and major drop in urine output, they should seek emergency medical help.
Initial assessment typically includes blood tests such as serum creatinine with eGFR calculation and urine testing for albumin‑to‑creatinine ratio (ACR). Depending on findings, clinicians may order electrolytes, full blood count, imaging (for example renal ultrasound) or other tests. Ongoing CKD care often involves coordinated follow‑up between primary care (family medicine/internal medicine) and nephrology.
Common risk factors include diabetes, long‑standing high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, older age, family history, obesity and some chronic infections or toxin exposures. Preventive measures include regular health checks, monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking and discussing any medications or supplements with a clinician. For personalized management, consult your primary care provider or a nephrologist.
Hello ❤️
Write your complaint
Let's answer in seconds
Tanitedavi.com is a Bogazici Teknopark project. BETA