Bipolar disorder causes marked shifts in mood, energy and activity levels, with episodes of mania or hypomania and episodes of depression that can recur over time. This page provides general information on signs, assessment pathways and sources of support. For a personal assessment or tailored care plan, consult a healthcare professional.
Bipolar disorder typically involves alternating episodes. Manic or hypomanic periods may include elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, rapid speech and impulsive decisions. Depressive periods commonly involve low mood, loss of interest, low energy, changes in sleep or appetite, difficulty concentrating and feelings of hopelessness. Severity and duration vary between individuals.
A psychiatrist usually leads diagnosis through a clinical interview covering symptom history, episode patterns and how symptoms affect daily functioning. Primary care clinicians can perform initial evaluations and guide referrals. Mental health teams or psychologists may be involved for further assessment or psychotherapeutic support when recommended.
Maintaining regular sleep-wake schedules, structured daily routines, stress-management techniques and social support can help stabilise daily life for some people. Psychological therapies, peer support groups and workplace or educational accommodations are common non-medical supports. These approaches complement clinical care and should be discussed with a clinician.
Seek urgent medical attention if someone is experiencing severe confusion, signs of psychosis, uncontrollable behaviour, thoughts of self-harm or suicide, or any behaviour that poses immediate risk to themselves or others. In emergencies contact local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department and inform a clinician about the mental health crisis.
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