Bacterial cellulitis is an infection of the skin’s deeper layers and the subcutaneous fat, commonly caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species. This page summarizes typical signs, how clinicians approach diagnosis, common causes and when to seek urgent evaluation.
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and the tissues beneath it. It often follows a break in the skin and can present as a single, well‑defined area or spread rapidly. Common bacteria involved include Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.
Typical findings are localized redness, increased warmth, swelling and pain. Lesions may sometimes show blisters, crusting or an open wound. Yellowish fluid draining from the site can represent pus or wound exudate and may indicate a localized abscess or secondary infection. Itching can occur but pain and tenderness are more prominent.
Diagnosis is usually made by clinical examination and symptom review. When needed, clinicians may order blood tests, wound cultures or imaging to assess the extent. Seek prompt medical assessment if there is fever, chills, rapidly spreading redness, red streaks along the limb, sudden worsening pain, or any signs of systemic illness — these can require urgent or emergency evaluation.
Factors that increase risk include skin breaks, fungal infections such as athlete’s foot, chronic swelling (lymphedema), diabetes and conditions that weaken the immune system. Preventive steps include keeping skin clean and dry, caring for small cuts or fissures promptly, and checking areas at higher risk. People with known risk factors should consult a healthcare professional if they notice concerning changes.
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