Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Early recognition and regular rheumatology follow‑up help preserve mobility and quality of life.
This condition most often begins in young adulthood with inflammation at the sacroiliac joints and along the spine. Over time, chronic inflammation can lead to fibrous or bony changes that reduce spinal flexibility. A genetic marker called HLA‑B27 is frequently associated with the disease but is not sufficient by itself for diagnosis.
Common complaints include prolonged morning stiffness, pain that improves with exercise, and night pain that may wake you. Pain around the lower back, hips or buttocks, peripheral joint symptoms, tendon or entheseal pain, and episodes of eye inflammation (uveitis) can occur. Seek prompt medical attention for sudden severe eye pain or vision changes, high fever with back pain, new numbness or weakness, or bowel/bladder difficulties.
Evaluation begins with a clinical assessment by a clinician. Imaging is important: pelvis X‑rays can show sacroiliac changes, while MRI is more sensitive for early inflammatory changes. Blood tests such as CRP and ESR may indicate inflammation; HLA‑B27 testing shows predisposition but does not confirm disease. A rheumatologist coordinates definitive diagnosis and ongoing monitoring.
Regular exercise, posture training and physical therapy programs help preserve spinal mobility. Smoking cessation, weight management and ergonomic adjustments support overall function. For urgent or severe new symptoms — such as sudden vision problems or neurological signs — go to emergency services or seek urgent medical assessment.
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