How is Addison disease diagnosed and which specialist should I see?

Diagnosis uses clinical assessment plus blood tests (electrolytes, cortisol, ACTH) and sometimes ACTH stimulation testing or imaging. Endocrinologists manage diagnosis and follow-up; primary care can initiate testing and referrals.

What are emergency warning signs for Addison disease?

Emergency signs include severe vomiting, fainting, confusion, extreme weakness, or very low blood pressure. If these occur, seek immediate emergency medical care.

How is long-term follow-up organised?

Long-term follow-up is typically coordinated by an endocrinologist and includes symptom review, periodic laboratory monitoring and adjustment of the care plan based on clinical findings.

Addison disease (adrenal insufficiency)

Addison disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. Below you will find concise information on typical findings, the evaluation used to reach a diagnosis, and which medical specialties usually manage care.

What is Addison disease and how does it develop?

Addison disease results from inadequate hormone production by the adrenal cortex, most commonly affecting cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. Causes include autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands, direct adrenal injury, infections, or less commonly genetic conditions. The way the disease begins and progresses varies between people, so a detailed history and targeted testing guide evaluation.

Common symptoms and impact on daily life

Frequent symptoms include persistent fatigue, reduced appetite, weight loss, muscle weakness, low blood pressure with dizziness, and sometimes darkening of the skin. These symptoms can develop gradually and interfere with work, exercise and daily activities. Regular monitoring and communication with clinicians help manage functional impact.

Diagnostic approach and key tests

Diagnosis combines clinical assessment with laboratory testing. Initial tests often include serum electrolytes, morning cortisol and ACTH levels. If needed, functional tests such as the ACTH stimulation test and imaging of the adrenal glands or pituitary can clarify cause and guide further care. An endocrinologist typically coordinates confirmatory testing and interpretation.

When to seek urgent medical attention

Seek immediate medical evaluation for severe vomiting, fainting or loss of consciousness, marked confusion, profound weakness, very low blood pressure, or fever with worsening symptoms. These signs may indicate an adrenal crisis and require prompt assessment in an emergency setting—contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department.

Specialist referral and follow-up

Primary care providers often start the evaluation and arrange initial tests, then refer to Endocrinology for diagnosis confirmation and long-term follow-up. Follow-up typically includes monitoring symptoms, periodic hormone and electrolyte checks, and adjusting the care plan as needed in collaboration with specialists.

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