Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that ranges from a mild episode to a life‑threatening condition. The pancreas makes digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin. The information below is general and not a substitute for clinical evaluation; see a healthcare professional for diagnosis and management.
In acute pancreatitis the organ becomes inflamed and digestive enzymes can start affecting pancreatic tissue. That inflammation may cause local complications (fluid collections, necrosis) or trigger a wider inflammatory response. The exact course depends on the cause and severity.
Typical symptoms include sudden, severe upper abdominal pain that can radiate to the back, nausea and vomiting. Seek urgent medical assessment if you have ongoing severe pain, repeated vomiting that prevents fluid intake, difficulty breathing, fainting or confusion, high fever, yellowing of the skin or eyes, very fast pulse or signs of low blood pressure. In these situations contact emergency services or go to an emergency department.
Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment plus blood tests and imaging. Blood tests often show raised amylase or lipase; liver tests, full blood count, electrolytes, glucose and triglycerides are commonly checked. Abdominal ultrasound is frequently used first; CT scan, MRI or endoscopic ultrasound may be required for further evaluation. Final decisions about tests and care are made by treating clinicians.
Gallstones and heavy alcohol use are among the most common causes. Other contributors include very high triglycerides, some medications, trauma or procedures such as ERCP. Reducing risk typically involves addressing gallstone disease, limiting alcohol, controlling lipids and following up with your healthcare provider to evaluate individual risks.
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